Types of Hearing Loss
We’ve all been there. You’re sitting around a family dinner and someone asks if grandma could pass the casserole to which she replies, “watch your language at the table!”
Although it can be easy to laugh off a simply misheard phrase or two, hearing loss is no joke. One in three people 65 and older have some form of hearing loss as a result of any number of factors. Studies in the Journal of Gerontology report that nearly 63.1 percent of adults in the U.S. will deal with significant hearing loss by their 70’s.
As something that is bound to affect nearly everyone at some point, understanding the various types and symptoms associated with hearing loss can help to treat and prevent further losses.
Types of Hearing Loss
There are two main forms of hearing loss, conductive and sensorineural. When both of these types overlap depending on the individual symptoms, it is known as mixed hearing loss.
Some causes of hearing loss are more treatable than others, but just remember that there’s nothing to be embarrassed about if you do have difficulty hearing. A visit to your trusted otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) can reveal what might be impeding your auditory perception and offer up any available solutions.
Conductive Hearing Loss
This type of hearing loss is caused by any condition or disease that impedes sound from traveling through the middle ear cavity to reach the inner ear. Anything from a blockage to a fluid or wax build up can cause conductive hearing loss. In most cases, sounds are perceived as muffled, faint, or distorted, but otherwise, the ear works in a normal way. Conductive hearing loss can often be treated surgically to result in a partial, or even complete restoration of hearing.
Possible Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss:
- Ear canal or middle ear infection
- Fluid or wax buildup
- Scarring / perforation of the eardrum
- Abnormal growths / tumors
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
When the nerves of the inner ear are degraded, the sound is unable to be transmitted to the brain, resulting in the sensorineural hearing loss. For people with this condition, others may sound as though they are mumbling, and sometimes there is a difficulty in understanding what is being said or heard. This is because the signal itself, not just the sound is obstructed on its way to being perceived by the brain. Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss have the potential to become confused or agitated by this impedance, so consider this if miscommunications arise.
Because there is a wide range of possible causes, this type of hearing loss is more difficult to treat and is often categorized as an irreversible condition. Bacterial or viral infections are a common source of sensorineural hearing loss but are treatable with antibiotics to different degrees. On the other hand, certain medications may have an ototoxic potential, meaning they can negatively affect one’s inner ear, auditory nerve, or vestibular system. Sometimes sensorineural hearing loss is strictly hereditary, and it is passed down through generations. Whatever the cause may be, this type of hearing loss can be treated with hearing aids or other implants should all other medical procedures be exhausted.
Possible Causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss:
- Injury
- Excessive exposure to sound
- Bacterial or viral infections
- Ototoxic medication
- Meningitis
- Diabetes
- Stroke
- High fever
- Meniere’s Disease
- Tumors
- Hereditary factors
Mixed Hearing Loss
When a form of sensorineural hearing loss is compounded with a conductive element, the result is a mixed hearing loss. Not only is the inner ear unable to fully receive and transmit sound to the brain, but there is also another dysfunction within the middle ear or ear canal that is impeding sound.
In order to find a solution to improve your hearing, an audiometric range test can provide insight as to which sounds you have the most difficulty with. The sooner certain symptoms are professionally treated, the higher chance there is of retaining or improving your current ability to hear.
